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Simple chemic solutions for cleaning messes can be made easily at home or at work in a number of unlike means. Whether you are making a solution out of a powdered compound or diluting a liquid solution, y'all can hands make up one's mind the correct amounts of each compound and solution to use. Remember to wear personal protective equipment when working with chemic solutions to avert injury.

  1. 1

    Define a percent past weight/volume solution. A percentage solution simply means parts per hundred. For example by weight: A ten% solution by weight but ways that y'all accept x grams of chemical compound dissolved in 100 mL of solution.[i]

    • For an example past volume: A 23% solution by volume simply ways that you have 23 mL of liquid chemical compound in every 100 mL of solution.

  2. 2

    Identify the book of solution yous want to brand. In order to determine the mass of the compound needed, you lot must start decide the final book of the solution you want to make. The volume volition exist determined by how much solution you need for your task, how frequently you will need information technology, and the stability of the solution over time.

    • For example: Make a 5% solution of NaCl in 500 mL of water.
    • Make only the corporeality you need if the solution must be made fresh every time information technology is used.
    • If the solution is stable long-term, you tin brand a larger volume to store and apply later.

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  3. 3

    Calculate the number of grams needed to make the solution. To calculate the number of grams needed to make your percent solution, you volition multiply using the formula: # grams = (percent desired)(desired volume/100 mLs). The percent desired will be expressed in grams and the desired volume must be expressed in milliliters.[two]

    • For case: Make a 5% solution of NaCl in 500 mL of h2o.
    • # grams = (5)(500mL/100mL) = 25 grams
    • If the NaCl was already dissolved in liquid course, you would add 25 mL of NaCl instead of grams of powder and subtract that book from the concluding volume, i.east. 25 mL of NaCl into 475 mL of water.

  4. iv

    Weigh out the mass of the compound. One time you have calculated the desired mass, you need to weigh it out. Using a calibrated balance, place a weighing dish and goose egg it out. Weigh out the necessary amount of compound in grams and prepare it aside.

    • For instance: Weigh out 25 g of NaCl.
    • E'er clean the residue of any powder earlier continuing to make the solution.

  5. five

    Dilute the compound with the necessary amount of solvents. Unless otherwise stated, you volition probably be diluting the compound in water. Using a graduated cylinder (a measuring device used specifically for volume), mensurate the desired corporeality of liquid. Mix with powdered compound until dissolved.[three]

    • For example: Mix 500 mL of water and 25 g of NaCl to brand a v% solution.
    • Remember, if you're diluting a liquid compound, yous must subtract out the volume of liquid being added from the last book: 500 mL – 25 mL = 475 mL of water.
    • Clearly label the container with both the chemical and the concentration.

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  1. i

    Identify the formula weight (FW) of the compound you are using. The formula weight (often used interchangeably with molecular weight) of a compound will be listed in grams/mole (m/mol) on the side of the chemical bottle. If yous cannot find the formula weight on the bottle, you can search for the chemical compound online to discover it.[4]

    • For instance: The formula weight of sodium chloride (NaCl) 58.44 g/mol.
    • The formula weight of a compound is the mass in grams of one mole of the compound.

  2. 2

    Ascertain the book of the solution yous are making in liters. It is very simple to brand a 1-liter solution since molarity is measured in moles/liter; however, you may need to brand more or less than a liter depending on what you're using the solution for. Yous volition use the concluding volume of the solution to summate the number of grams needed to brand your molar solution.[v]

    • For example: Make a 50 mL solution of 0.75 molar NaCl.
    • To catechumen mL to Fifty, split by 1000: 0.05 Fifty.

  3. 3

    Calculate the number of grams needed to brand the desired molar solution. To calculate the number of grams needed you lot volition use the equation # grams = (desired volume)(desired molarity)(formula weight). Remember, the desired volume needs to exist in liters, molarity is in moles per liter, and formula weight is in grams per mole.[6]

    • For case: If you want to make fifty mL of a 0.75 molar solution of NaCl (FW: 58.44 g/mol), you can summate the number of grams of NaCl needed.
    • # grams = 0.05 L * 0.75 mol/L * 58.44 thousand/mol = ii.19 grams NaCl.
    • When you cancel all units, you should exist left with grams of the compound.

  4. 4

    Weigh out the mass of the compound. Using a properly calibrated remainder, weigh out the necessary mass of the compound. Place a weighing dish on the balance and nada it out before weighing. Add the compound to the dish until you accept the right amount.

    • For case: Weigh out two.19 grams of NaCl.
    • Clean the balance when you are finished using it.

  5. 5

    Dilute the powder in the advisable liquid book. Most solutions will be diluted using water unless otherwise specified. The volume of the liquid to exist used is the aforementioned that yous used to calculate the mass of the compound. Mix the chemical compound and the h2o together until the pulverisation is fully dissolved.

    • For example: Using a graduated cylinder (measuring equipment for volume), measure 50 mL of water and mix it with the 2.19 g of NaCl.
    • Mix until the powder is fully dissolved.
    • Clearly label the solution with the molarity and the chemical compound so it can be easily identified in the hereafter.

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  1. 1

    Define the concentration of each solution. When diluting solutions, y'all must know the concentration of the working stock and the final concentration that you want your solution to accept. This method is useful for diluting highly concentrated solutions into less full-bodied solutions.[7]

    • For example: Make 75 mLs of a 1.5 Thousand stock of NaCl from a working stock of five Thousand. The working stock is at a concentration of v M and y'all want to dilute to a last concentration of 1.five One thousand.

  2. 2

    Determine the volume of the solution you want to make. You lot must too define the total volume of the solution y'all want to make. You will calculate the amount of working solution that needs to be added in order to dilute information technology to the final concentration and book.[8]

    • For instance: Make 75 mLs of a 1.five M stock of NaCl from a working stock of 5 1000.

  3. 3

    Calculate the book of working stock to exist added to the final solution. To determine the amount of working stock that needs to be diluted, you utilise the formula V1Cane=5twoC2; 5one is volume of the working stock and C1 is the concentration of the working stock; V2 is the desired final volume and C2 is the desired concluding concentration of the solution.[9]

    • For example: Make 75 mLs of a i.5 M stock of NaCl from a working stock of 5 M.
    • To summate the volume of the working stock needed, the equation gets rearranged to solve for Vi: V1 = (VtwoCii)/C1
    • Vi = (VtwoC2)/C1 = (0.075 L * ane.5 M)/5M = 0.0225 L.
    • Convert Fifty dorsum to mL by multiplying by grand: 22.5 mL.

  4. 4

    Subtract the volume of the stock solution from the desired terminal volume. When diluting the stock solution, you need to make sure that yous dilute to your final volume. Past subtracting the volume of the stock solution to exist added you volition make sure the dilution is done properly.

    • For example: You lot want a final book of 75 mLs and will be adding 22.5 mL of the stock solution. Therefore, 75 – 22.5 = 52.5 mLs. This volume is the amount of dilution solution you volition use.

  5. 5

    Combine the calculated volume of the stock solution with the volume of the dilution solution. Using a graduated cylinder (measuring equipment for volumes), measure out the volume of the stock solution and then mix it with the book of the dilution solution.

    • For example: Measure 22.5 mLs of the stock 5 G solution of NaCl and dilute it with 52.5 mLs of water. Stir to mix.
    • Label the container with both the concentration and the compound: 1.5 1000 NaCl.
    • Recall, if you are diluting an acid with water, ever add together the acrid to the h2o.

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  1. 1

    Wear proper personal protective equipment (PPE). When working with strong chemicals and solutions you want to make sure that your body is protected from impairment. Wearing a lab coat, close-toed shoes, eye protection, and gloves are essentials when handling these compounds.

    • Wear a lab coat that is made of an inflammable material.
    • Middle protection should have side shields to protect from splashes beyond the confront.

  2. 2

    Work in a ventilated area. When mixing solutions together, volatile gases can be formed and escape into the air. Some chemicals tin only be handled in a chemical fume hood found in a laboratory. If working at home, open windows and take a fan blowing to make sure the air circulates.

  3. 3

    Add acrid to h2o. When diluting strong acids, e'er add the acid to the h2o. When h2o and acid mix, the reaction is exothermic (releases heat) and can exist explosive if the water is added to the acrid instead of the other style around.[10]

    • Refresh your retention with the proper safety precautions every time you lot work with acids.

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Add New Question

  • Question

    How practice I brand 200 ml of 80% methanol solution?

    Yerram Varun

    Yerram Varun

    Community Answer

    It means that in that location are 80 g of Methanol in 100 ml of solution, so in 200 ml there will be 160 g of Methanol, i.e. 5 mol of methanol. In determination, add 160 chiliad of methanol and add h2o, upward to 200 ml.

  • Question

    If I desire to make a twenty% acid solution and information technology doesn't matter how much I end up with, could I make full a container to 100 ml with water, then add together acid until it reaches 120ml?

    Hannah

    No, because then you would get a 16,667% solution, which y'all calculate by dividing the corporeality of acrid (20 mL) by the full book (120 mL). Y'all would need to put in 80 mL of water and then add twenty mL of acid to brand a twenty% solution.

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  • Programme on doing a little reading before you get-go. Knowledge is power.

  • Effort to use mutual household chemicals. Don't do anything actually tricky. If you think the result might be dangerous, it probably will be!

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  • Don't mix bleach and ammonia together.

  • Wear safe equipment, goggles, a plastic frock, and neoprene gloves if necessary.

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Things You'll Need

  • An accurate balance or electronic scale to determine mass. These have many other household uses, particularly in the kitchen.
  • Some sort of graduated glassware. Look in the housewares department at i of the big chain stores. These come in many shapes and sizes. Clear plastic containers are skilful, only cannot tolerate much rut.

References

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